Alphabet in Urdu Language

Understanding the Urdu alphabet is essential in mastering the Urdu Language. Urdu alphabet configuration is put into use in a every day conversation. Without the Urdu alphabet, it is extremely hard to speak the Urdu phrases properly even if anyone know how to write those key phrases in Urdu. Learn More

As in any language, the better a person articulate a letter in a word, the more understood you’ll be in speaking the Urdu language. Here are some links which directs you to the Urdu alphabet and exactly how it can be pronounced in English.

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Vowels in Urdu Alphabet

At the beginning of a word alif serves as a placeholder for the diacritical mark. Due to directional issues with unicode the medial/final occurs before the initial example, when they should appear after, i.e., to the left of the letter. A final ﻪ is sometimes used do represent an inherent 'a' at the end of a word (c.f. Arabic usage). When choṭī ye and baṛī ye occur in the middle, both take the ﻴ form. For further reference, in Urdu transliteration ai is ae and au is ao.
Initial	Medial/Final	Transliteration	Name
اَ	تَ	a	zabar
اِ	تِ	i	zer
اُ	تُ	u	pesh
آ	تا	ā	alif madda
اِى	تِى	ī	zer + choṭī ye
اُو	تُو	ū	pesh + vā'o
اے	تے	e	baṛī ye
او	تو	o	vā'o
اَے	تَے	ai	zabar + baṛī ye
اَو	تَو	au	zabar + vā'o

Consonants in Urdu Alphabet

Final	Medial	Initial	Isolated	Transliteration	Urdu Name
ﺎ	ﺎ	ا	ا	a, i, ʔ	آلِف
ﺐ	ﺒ	ﺑ	ب	b	بے
ﭗ	ﭙ	ﭘ	پ	p	پے
ﺖ	ﺘ	ﺗ	ت	t	تے
ﭧ	ﭩ	ﭨ	ٹ	ṭ	ٹے
ﺚ	ﺜ	ﺛ	ث	ṡ	ثے
ﭻ	ﭽ	ﭼ	چ	c	چے
ﺢ	ﺤ	ﺣ	ح	h	بَڑى حے
ﺦ	ﺨ	ﺧ	خ	kh	خے
ﺪ	ﺪ	ﺩ	ﺩ	d	دال
ﮉ	ﮉ	ﮈ	ﮈ	ḍ	ڈال
ﺬ	ﺬ	ﺬ	ﺬ	ż	ذال
ﺮ	ﺮ	ﺭ	ﺭ	r	رے
ﮍ	ﮍ	ﮌ	ﮌ	ṛ	ڑے
ﺰ	ﺰ	ﺯ	ﺯ	z	زے
ﮋ	ﮋ	ﮊ	ﮊ	zh	ژے
ﺲ	ﺴ	ﺳ	ﺱ	s	سِين
ﺶ	ﺸ	ﺷ	ﺵ	ś	شِين
ﺺ	ﺼ	ﺻ	ﺹ	s	صُاد
ﺾ	ﻀ	ﺿ	ﺽ	ẓ	ضُاد
ﻂ	ﻄ	ﻃ	ﻁ	t	طوے
ﻆ	ﻈ	ﻇ	ﻅ	z	ظوے
ﻊ	ﻌ	ﻋ	ﻉ	‘a, ʔ	عَين
ﻎ	ﻐ	ﻏ	ﻍ	gh	غَين
ﻒ	ﻔ	ﻓ	ﻑ	f	فے
ﻖ	ﻘ	ﻗ	ﻕ	q	قَاف
ﻚ،ﮏ	ﻜ	ﻛ	ﻙ،ﮎ	k	كَاف
ﮓ	ﮕ	ﮔ	ﮒ	g	گَاف
ﻞ	ﻠ	ﻠ	ﻝ	l	لاَل
ﻢ	ﻤ	ﻣ	ﻡ	m	مِيم
ﻦ	ﻨ	ﻧ	ﻥ	n	نوْن
ﻮ	ﻮ	ﻭ	ﻭ	v, o, ū	وَاو
ﮧ	ﮩ	ﮨ	ﮦ	h	چهوٹى ەے
ﮫ	ﮭ	ﮬ	ﮪ	asp.	دو چَشمى ەے
ﺀ	ﺌ	ﺋ	ﺀ	-	ەَمزَه
ﻰ	ﻴ	ﻳ	ﻯ	y, ī	چهوٹى يے
ﮮ	ﻴ	ﻳ	ﮯ	y, e	بَڑى يے
So why are there 5 z's, etc.?! - The letters ق,غ,ع,ظ,ط,ض,ص,ژ,ذ,خ,ح,ث are exclusively Persian (Fārsi) or Arabic sounds. As such; the Arabic sounds especially, are pronounced with the closest Indic equivalent. Thus, to illustrate: the Arabic ث (θ) is pronounced as س, and the Arabic ذ (ð) is pronounced as ز. A rare Urdu letter unique to Persian and Persian loan words is ژ, which is pronounced as the Russian ж, or s in pleasure.
Aspiration
To make aspirated letters in Urdu the do chashmī he is added to the letter it aspirates. In Nastaliq, the do chashmī he, lit. meaning "two-eyed he" looks like this: ﻬ. Unfortunately unicode only supports this character as it exists in Arabic; therefore the Urdu Naskh will have to suffice.
Final	Medial	Initial	Isolated	Devanagari
ﮫﺒ	ﮭﺒ	ﮭﺑ	ﮫﺑ	bh
ﮫﭙ	ﮭﭙ	ﮭﭘ	ﮫﭘ	ph
ﮫﺘ	ﮭﺘ	ﮭﺗ	ﮫﺗ	th
ﮫﭩ	ﮭﭩ	ﮭﭨ	ﮫﭨ	ṭh
ﮫﺨ	ﮭﺨ	ﮭﺧ	ﮫﺧ	jh
ﮫﭽ	ﮭﭽ	ﮭﭼ	ﮫﭼ	ch
ﮫﺪ	ﮭﺪ	ﮭﺩ	ﮫﺩ	dh
ﮫﮉ	ﮭﮉ	ﮭﮈ	ﮫﮈ	ḍh
ﮫﮍ	ﮭﮍ	ﮭﮌ	ﮫﮌ	ṛh
ﮫﮑ	ﮭﮑ	ﮭﮐ	ﮫﮐ	kh
ﮫﮕ	ﮭﮕ	ﮭﮔ	ﮫﮔ	gh

Semi Vowels/ Diphthongs in Urdu Alphabet

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Alphabet in Urdu Language